Spondylolisthesis and Spinal Stenosis Care in Kharghar

Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward over the bone beneath it, and it often overlaps with lumbar spinal stenosis — narrowing of the spinal canal — both of which can cause lower back pain and leg symptoms that worsen with standing or walking.

What spondylolisthesis is

Spondylolisthesis happens when a vertebra shifts out of its normal alignment and slips forward relative to the vertebra below it. This can occur due to a congenital difference in bone formation, a stress fracture in part of the vertebra (isthmic type), age-related degeneration and arthritis (degenerative type, the most common in older adults), or less commonly trauma, disease affecting bone strength, or a change following previous spinal surgery. When the slippage narrows the space available for nerves — often alongside degenerative changes — it frequently coexists with lumbar spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal that compresses the nerves running through it.

Symptoms

The most common symptom is lower back pain that tends to worsen with activity. Leg pain similar to sciatica can occur if a nerve is affected, sometimes with tight hamstrings, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or buttocks. When stenosis is also present, patients often describe pain, heaviness, or cramping in the legs that comes on with standing or walking and eases with sitting or leaning forward — a pattern sometimes called neurogenic claudication. In more noticeable cases of spondylolisthesis, a forward-leaning posture or a visible step in the lower back may be present.

When to see a doctor

Occasional lower back discomfort is common and not necessarily a sign of spondylolisthesis. It is worth seeking evaluation if back pain persists, is accompanied by leg pain or a change in walking distance, or interferes with daily activities. Seek prompt medical attention if you experience new or worsening leg weakness, numbness in the groin or inner thighs, or any change in bladder or bowel control, as these can indicate more significant nerve involvement requiring timely assessment — though most patients with spondylolisthesis do not experience these features.

How it is diagnosed

Diagnosis begins with a history and physical examination assessing posture, movement, muscle strength, and reflexes. X-rays show the degree of vertebral slippage and are often taken in different positions to assess stability. An MRI or CT scan provides detailed views of the nerves, discs, and spinal canal, which is particularly useful when stenosis is suspected alongside the slippage. Nerve conduction studies may be used if nerve damage is suspected.

Non-surgical treatment options

Many patients are managed without surgery, particularly when symptoms are mild to moderate. This typically includes activity modification, pain relievers or muscle relaxants, and corticosteroid injections for more persistent inflammation. Physiotherapy focused on strengthening the back and abdominal muscles and improving flexibility is a central part of treatment, and a supportive brace can help during flare-ups. Heat and cold therapy provide additional symptom relief.

Surgical options and who they suit

Surgery is generally considered when conservative treatment has not relieved significant symptoms, when there is meaningful instability, or when nerve compression is progressive. Depending on the specific case, this may involve decompression to relieve pressure on the nerves, with or without spinal fusion to stabilise the affected segment and prevent further slippage. Many of these procedures can now be performed using minimally invasive techniques, and select patients may be candidates for keyhole decompression rather than open surgery. Dr. Vishnu Vikraman Nair will explain which approach fits your degree of slippage and stenosis.

Recovery expectations

With non-surgical treatment, many patients experience gradual improvement in pain and walking tolerance over several weeks of consistent physiotherapy. After surgery, recovery generally follows an initial phase focused on wound healing and pain control, then a gradual phase of rebuilding strength and returning to normal activity — the exact pace depends on whether fusion was performed and will be explained by your surgeon for your specific procedure.

What influences the cost of treatment

Cost depends on whether decompression alone or decompression with fusion is required, the implants and technology used, length of hospital stay, and insurance or cashless coverage. Call or WhatsApp NAIR Spine & Knee Clinic for a personalised estimate after your consultation.

What a consultation involves

Your visit includes a review of your history and symptoms, a physical examination, and discussion of any imaging you bring. Dr. Vishnu Vikraman Nair will explain the degree of slippage or stenosis found and outline a graded treatment plan. Consultations are available at NAIR Spine & Knee Clinic, Kharghar and Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Kopar Khairane; call or WhatsApp the clinic to confirm the current consulting schedule.